Precision measurement tools are compulsory to reduce measurement errors or machining errors in the processes of calibration and manufacturing. The laser interferometer is one of the most important measurement tools invented in the 20th century. Today, it is commonly used in ultraprecision machining and manufacturing, ultraprecision positioning control, and many noncontact optical sensing technologies. So far, the state-of-the-art laser interferometers are the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, e.g. the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). The LIGO has reached the measurement quantum limit, and some quantum technologies with squeezed light are currently being tested in order to further decompress the noise level. In this paper, we focus on the laser interferometry developed for space-based gravitational-wave detection. The basic working principle and the current status of the key technologies of intersatellite laser interferometry are introduced and discussed in detail. The launch and operation of these large-scale, gravitational-wave detectors based on space-based laser interferometry is proposed for the 2030s.

星载多普勒测风激光雷达是目前能够有效获取全球大气三维风场的主动探测设备,能够弥补气象卫星被动探测的不足,对其需求和进展的综述研究具有重要的意义。首先阐述了天气预报精度提升、数值模式同化和气候变化研究等领域对全球三维风场探测的迫切需求;接着回顾了相干探测、直接探测和混合探测三种体制的星载多普勒测风激光雷达的发展历程,并总结了当前星载测风激光雷达研究所面临的挑战;然后根据我国多普勒测风激光雷达的研究现状,归纳出我国星载测风激光雷达发展所急需解决的七类关键技术;最后指出星载混合体制测风激光雷达结合了相干探测和直接探测的优势,既能降低研制成本,又能提高大气垂直风廓线探测精度,是未来星载测风激光雷达的主要发展方向。